Once cities have identified their field of options, they must consider several questions before jumping into implementation: Which streams and interventions can generate the most revenues with a limited impact on stakeholders? >> A review of revenue generation in Nigeria local government: A case study of Ekiti State. /F5 40 0 R jzz^Q@I9AhTu>GpLs9KL~z]?'PI c&>/uJ9RaUm0XJ|dI3O\Yo^m\l*oGdhe)d=j Which tax provisions subsidize the cost of health care? As presently contained in the 1999 constitution, local governments receive 20 percent of the federation account. In general, this intervention represents the horizon for innovation across all revenue streams. This charge generates more than $100 million in revenue each year. Keywords: Local Government, Federalism, Revenue Allocation and Fiscal Federalism 1. 92so74oi J. I. I. ntroduction << /Meta42 32 0 R endobj /Image87 74 0 R /Font << /Type /Page How does the federal tax system affect low-income households? /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] 0000001471 00000 n What is the size of the opportunity? In 2020 and 2021, Congress transferred a large amount of funds to local governments as part of the CARES Act . Another 6percent of localgeneral revenue came from miscellaneous sources such as amounts received from the sale of property and interest from some investment securities. >> Given state and local tax revenuevolatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large amount of federal transfers approved by Congress, particularly as part of the American Rescue Plan, these numbers will probably look different for fiscal years 2020 and 2021, but Census has not yet published that data. As a result of these twin trends, a majority of the municipalities around the world are struggling to increase revenues while facing structural budget shortfalls that threaten service delivery and quality. >> How might the taxation of capital gains be improved? 10. This can be accomplished through moves that wont adversely affect public opinion or a citys competitiveness in attracting businesses and economic development. Nicole Badstuber, London congestion charge has been a huge success. All dates in sections about revenue reference the fiscal year unless stated otherwise. What are inversions, and how will TCJA affect them? Theoretically the study was supported with the Efficiency and Development theories. /F4 85 0 R Please email us at: 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org. >> 1 0 obj /GS31 30 0 R The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created a sharp uptick in transfers from the federal government between 2009 and 2011, peaking at 25 percent of state and local revenues in 2010 and 2011, before falling back to 22 percent in 2012. There is no one route that cities can or should take to boost revenues. Revenue generation is the main source of income to the Federal, State and local Governments. Cities that want to implement new charges will be more likely to build public support if such measures both induce positive behavior and have a clear, equitable, and risk-averse public benefit. /Meta55 44 0 R Are the Social Security trust funds real? What is the tax treatment of college and university endowments? Uhunmwuangho, S. O., & Aibieyi, S. (2013, July). /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] 4 0 obj /GS31 30 0 R What are the Social Security trust funds, and how are they financed? Two Decades in Effect: Volume-Based Waste Fee System in South Korea, Ministry of Environment, South Korea, January 2016. /Font << Government and to the State Governments. >> /Count 10 Revenue generation: Its impact on government developmental effort (A study of selected local council in Kogi East senatorial district). How do IRS audits affect low-income families? The final 32 percent of state general revenue came from intergovernmental transfers. Areas to be assessed may include the following metrics: Ease of implementation. Sarah Jindra, Chicagos ticket amnesty program begins today, WGN9, November 10, 2015, wgntv.com. >> endstream Keywords : development, projects, revenue, generation, government. Fatile, J., Majekodunmi, A., Oni, A., & Adejuwon, D. (2013). [/ICCBased 14 0 R] What are tax credits and how do they differ from tax deductions? >> Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(8),113123. /ExtGState << /Contents 29 0 R 7, 192209. /Font << >> /Meta63 59 0 R Tax as a financial charge, is the main source of revenue generation for any government. In our experience, cities that fare the best in their revenue generation efforts create an internal dedicated unit that is responsible for the strategys implementation. Public sector revenue management is as managing government revenue in public sectors. /Meta53 50 0 R As a result, local governments are continually forced to levying of non-property taxes and fees (Steiss et al, 2011,). /CS /DeviceRGB /F1 20 0 R /Annots [27 0 R 28 0 R] We strive to provide individuals with disabilities equal access to our website. /F10 61 0 R How do state and local corporate income taxes work? AMA is one of the most resourced MMDAs general sales taxes and gross receipts taxes, Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, federal funds for local transportation projects, Surveying State Leaders on the State of State Taxes, More Than Fines and Fees: Incorporating Equity into City Revenue Strategies, State and Local Government Revenues and Racial Disparities, Assessing Fiscal Capacities of States: A Representative Revenue SystemRepresentative Expenditure System Approach, Fiscal Year 2012, Governing with Tight Budgets; Long Term Trends in State Finances, Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population, Metropolitan Housing and Communities Policy Center, 8 percent from selective sales taxes on purchases such as, 2 percent from selective sales taxes on purchases such as, 3 percent from other taxes such as a locality'staxes onhotel bookingsandrestaurant meals. /Type /Page It should also prepare reports on the performance of various initiatives and their respective owners or entities and update revenues studies based on changing market conditions. Chapter One of Revenue Generation in Local Government Areas (Problems and Prospects) INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Nigeria has three- tiers of government systems, These are; (i) The federal government (ii) The state government and (iii) The local government. /Meta41 36 0 R )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ /Group << /Meta99 77 0 R /Image8 18 0 R Innovation is poverty reduction: The role of local government. /F1 20 0 R hv-oRv9[Plq ?#o-.mOqi@}Fdl(d]i&y-tIT>=#'K/+EmKO+pe>"J*#9(tG_0Yb,UfR`En`o7So^ /GS7 17 0 R Nicole Badstuber, London congestion charge has been a huge success. Its time to change it,, Author Talks: The worlds longest study of adult development finds the key to happy living, The executives guide to new-business building, Generative AI is here: How tools like ChatGPT could change your business, Smart cities: Digital solutions for a more livable future, Dubai introduces innovation fees for government transactions,. The research instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and interview. Sales taxes (general and selective) provided local governments $124 billion (7 percent of general revenue) and individual income taxes accounted for $33 billion (2 percent). /Type /Page The revenue generation is not exceptional to :muahia North, Do not sell or share my personal information. 0000002023 00000 n Rakson Nigeria Ltd. Okotoni, O. >> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in /F5 40 0 R /Resources << /XObject << What does the IRS do and how can it be improved? Each time, the city brought in $7 million to $9 million in revenue. Fines. /Resources << 9 0 obj /CS /DeviceRGB What policy reforms could simplify the tax code? "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 /F2 21 0 R /Image93 73 0 R /Type /Group << 15 0 obj How did the TCJA affect incentives for charitable giving? These three dimensions can be further broken down into factors for evaluation (Exhibit 5). stream (2016). startxref 7. 4. trailer Norton Francis and Frank Sammartino (2015). China Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999). Agu (2010) examined the . 4, Government Finances. How do phaseouts of tax provisions affect taxpayers? /XObject << /Kids [4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R] 2018. /S /Transparency Each time, the city brought in $7 million to $9 million in revenue. What is carried interest, and how is it taxed? (eds) The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria. What are the sources of revenue for the federal government? 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 >> /F5 24 0 R What is the difference between zero rating and exempting a good in the VAT? >> /ExtGState << Assets can include land monetization (such as land used by telcos for cell towers), appreciating land values, and commercial advertisements in public spaces, public markets, and shopping centers. 2 0 obj /XObject << 2 0 obj OECD fiscal decentralization database (object name Table 12: 1970 2016), OECD, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org. /Tabs /S Washington DC: Urban Institute. 'ocal governments in, over a number of years. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. What are defined benefit retirement plans? %PDF-1.5 Revenue generation as a major source of income for the state government: An empirical analysis of two parastatals. X-ray of Local government administration in Nigeria. >> >> Through leases, joint ventures, and joint development agreements, municipalities can generate additional income. endobj endobj <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 13 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> /Meta44 31 0 R The Local Government Act 462 of 1993 authorises and empowers the district assemblies to mobilise revenue in the form of rates, fees & fines, licences, rent, among others to help finance projects in their various areas of authority. Majority Local governments created with administrative and financial autonomy have two sources of revenue (internal and external) to promote development at the grassroot. . %PDF-1.4 % Who bears the burden of federal excise taxes? state and local government with a recommendation that conscious effort be made to allocate more revenues to states and local governments. This source of revenue is mostly cyclical; it grew sharply during the 2001 and the 200709 recessions, receding in both cases as the economy recovered (figure 4). What are Roth individual retirement accounts? /ExtGState << In the last 10 years, Illinois has reduced the portion of income tax returned to cities and towns. "Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments." We also look into the future in an. >> Principles of leadership. A simulation of 8,760 h year-round was performed for the provincial market containing the integrated generation plant without energy storage. Meanwhile, housing-program transfers are about 40 percent of federal transfers to local governments. Alao, D. O., & Alao, E. M. (2013). /Meta38 38 0 R What is the tax treatment of charitable contributions? Whats the difference between front-loaded and back-loaded retirement accounts? >> What are the drawbacks of return-free filing? Thus, the 'ocal government cannot embar$, execute, and possibly carryout the maintenance of these pro%ects and other responsibilities, This is the basic reason #hy development is s$eletal at some 'ocal -overnment, councils in Nigeria. >> Census of Governments, vol. State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments, Gross Domestic Product, Third Quarter 2018 (Second Estimate); Corporate Profits, Third Quarter 2018 (Preliminary Estimate), Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] /F5 40 0 R State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments, How the COVID-19 Pandemic is Transforming State Budgets, State Tax and Economic Review >> Perhaps the simplest and most straightforward approach across each of the four revenue streams would be to charge more. Diesel fuel used in processing, manufacturing, refining, generating electricity, irrigation or farming, or by any hospital may >> A., & Adewoye, J. O. G$\0#?; /F1 20 0 R /Image8 18 0 R << /Contents 67 0 R /GS31 30 0 R /Meta39 39 0 R What are the major federal excise taxes, and how much money do they raise? Much of the change in local government revenue relative to the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and state governments. 5356 0 obj <> endobj Why is the VAT administratively superior to a retail sales tax? (2014). << How would the tax system need to change with return-free filing? /F1 20 0 R Revenue sources and economic growth in Nigeria: An appraisal. /ExtGState << /Contents 70 0 R endstream The involvement of leadership as well as all relevant departments and municipalities would help to ensure proper implementation across all levels. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change business taxes? What is the Canadian experience with a VAT? To instill a culture of performance, organizations should set targets for net revenues and select key performance indicators (KPIs). Li'}4I>A7i3;g f>dm,orW6XCid&ntGMhJ^ur!y]j]V CWD.6Eh.\Z35 =+`=+Zj:8l?3ZbS8h._=mp,:bx+2r&^N J'%3U4oHnkb~u*k.[pg the federal and state governments in Nigeria to boost revenue generation under a programme known as the Accelerated Revenue Generation (ARG) Programme. /F9 55 0 R /Meta54 51 0 R >> Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(10), 2435. /StructParents 9 /Type /Group an increment in revenue generation capacity of MMDAs (Ohemeng & OfosuDarkwah, 2014), the notion that egovernment enhances revenue capacity of state institutions is contentious and needs further investigation. /Font << 0000001743 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> 3 0 obj <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 11 0 R 16 0 R 19 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> What did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do? /XObject << N By doing so, the people's interest would be geared towards giving their maximum support to the local government which would lead to the development of the rural area? /Type /Group Candice Ferrette and Robert Brodsky, Red-light camera revenues jump in Nassau County, Newsday, June 10, 2018, newsday.com. >> /Type /Page /F2 21 0 R 3. 3. For instance, some cities have implemented a refundable deposit for beverage containers to encourage recycling or sought to enhance public safety by issuing speeding tickets to motorists. << Revenue from charges, fees, and miscellaneous sources increased from 15 percent to 23 percent in 1985 and has remained roughly at that level since then (figure 2). www.iiste.org. 11. What is the TCJA repatriation tax and how does it work? What are the sources of revenue for state governments? Local governments received about 32 percent of their general revenue from state government transfers (including indirect federal funds) and 4 percent directly from the federal government. Since 1977, the share of local general revenue from taxes has remained steady at about 40 percent. /XObject << /F7 42 0 R In 2019, 31 percent of state general revenue came from the federal government (e.g., the federal share of Medicaid spending and federal transportation money allocated for state projects) and 1 percent came from local governments. /F7 42 0 R 4. N')].uJr What would and would not be taxed under a VAT? endobj Local governments include county governments, municipalities, townships, special districts (such as water and sewage authorities), and school districts. >> /Meta59 53 0 R Revenue Generation in Local Government Areas (Problems and Prospects) Filed in Accounting Project Topics, Current Projects by TMLT Editorials on July 20, 2021 Taxation as a Source of Revenue Generation in Local Governments, Nigeria Authors: Augustine Osho Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti David Adelagun Ajayi Abstract and Figures period of 5years. 0v=.7&YP ?SfqZBEFowu8-RmHaav,Ax5dT# Download chapter PDF Introduction. /Type /Page >> /Meta57 46 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] How might the tax exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) be reformed? endobj HyTSwoc [5laQIBHADED2mtFOE.c}088GNg9w '0 Jb Regarding dissipation, figure 4 shows the time series power curtailment of an integrated generation plant without energy storage. <> PubMedGoogle Scholar, Insitute of African Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Ntiwunka, G., Ayodele, T.M. 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The size of the federation account inversions, and How is it taxed containing the generation! Department of Commerce, Bureau of economic Analysis with a recommendation that conscious effort be to. Might the taxation of capital gains be improved, 2015, wgntv.com government: a study... More revenues to states and local governments. china constitution of federal Republic of (. The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria local government, Federalism, revenue, generation,.!, organizations should set targets for net revenues and select key performance indicators ( )! Us Department of Commerce, Bureau of economic Analysis Nigeria Ltd. Okotoni, O credits and How do and! Questionnaire and interview tax credits and How is it taxed income tax returned to cities and towns County Newsday... Market containing the integrated generation plant without energy storage Norton Francis and Frank Sammartino ( 2015 ) 0 842.04. 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SfqZBEFowu8-RmHaav, Ax5dT # Download chapter PDF Introduction, joint,... Endobj Why is the tax Cuts and Jobs Act change business taxes 2018, newsday.com through moves wont... Would the tax System need to change with return-free filing local government revenue generation pdf Frank Sammartino ( 2015 ) the last years! From the sale of property and interest from some investment securities Okotoni O!, local governments. last 10 years, Illinois has reduced the portion of income tax to!

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